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Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, isotonic solution. Each mL contains: Sodium chloride 9 mg; benzyl alcohol 0.9%; Water for Injection q.s. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added for pH adjustment (pH 4.5-7.0). The empirical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl and the molecular weight is 58.44.Sodium chloride occurs as colorless cubic crystals or white crystalline powder and has a saline taste. Sodium chloride is freely soluble in water. It is soluble in glycerin and slightly soluble in alcohol.
DETAILS
Sodium chloride in water dissociates to provide sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. These ions are normal constituents of the body fluids (principally extracellular) and are essential for maintaining electrolyte balance. The distribution and excretion of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) are largely under the control of the kidney which maintains a balance between intake and output. The small volume of fluid and amount of sodium chloride provided by Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9%, when used only as a vehicle for parenteral injection of drugs, is unlikely to exert a significant effect on fluid and electrolyte balance except possibly in very small infants. Water is an essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70% of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirement ranges from two to three liters (1 to 1.5 liters each of insensible water loss by perspiration and urine production). Water balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments and sodium (Na+) plays a major role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.
These parenteral preparations are indicated only for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered. NOT FOR INHALATION.
Due to potential toxicity of benzyl alcohol in newborns, Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% containing benzyl alcohol must not be used in this patient population. Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should not be used for fluid or sodium chloride replacement.
Benzyl alcohol as a preservative in Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% has been associated with toxicity in newborns. Data is unavailable on the toxicity of other preservatives in this age group. Preservative-free Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should be used for flushing intravascular catheters. Where a sodium chloride solution is required for preparing or diluting medications for use in newborns, only preservative-free Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should be used.
Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should not be used for those medicinals that specify the use of only Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% as a sterile solvent. Sodium chloride must be used with caution in the presence of congestive heart failure, circulatory insufficiency, kidney dysfunction or hypoproteinemia. Excessive amounts of sodium chloride by any route may cause hypopotassemia and acidosis. Excessive amounts by the parenteral route may precipitate congestive heart failure and acute pulmonary edema, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease and in patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin or drugs that may give rise to sodium retention.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9%. It is also not known whether Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Reactions which may occur because of Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9%, added drugs or the technique of reconstitution or administration include febrile response, local tenderness, abscess, tissue necrosis or infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection and extravasation. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate countermeasures and if possible, retrieve and save the remainder of the unused vehicle for examination. Although adverse reactions to intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of 0.9% benzyl alcohol are not known to occur in man, experimental studies of small volume parenteral preparations containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol in several species of animals have indicated that an estimated intravenous dose up to 30 mL may be safely given to an adult without toxic effects. Administration of an estimated 9 mL to a 6 kg infant is potentially capable of producing blood pressure changes.
These parenteral preparations are indicated only for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered. NOT FOR INHALATION.
Due to potential toxicity of benzyl alcohol in newborns, Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% containing benzyl alcohol must not be used in this patient population. Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should not be used for fluid or sodium chloride replacement.
Benzyl alcohol as a preservative in Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% has been associated with toxicity in newborns. Data is unavailable on the toxicity of other preservatives in this age group. Preservative-free Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should be used for flushing intravascular catheters. Where a sodium chloride solution is required for preparing or diluting medications for use in newborns, only preservative-free Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should be used.
Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should not be used for those medicinals that specify the use of only Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% as a sterile solvent. Sodium chloride must be used with caution in the presence of congestive heart failure, circulatory insufficiency, kidney dysfunction or hypoproteinemia. Excessive amounts of sodium chloride by any route may cause hypopotassemia and acidosis. Excessive amounts by the parenteral route may precipitate congestive heart failure and acute pulmonary edema, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease and in patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin or drugs that may give rise to sodium retention.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9%. It is also not known whether Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9% should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Reactions which may occur because of Bacteriostatic Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, 0.9%, added drugs or the technique of reconstitution or administration include febrile response, local tenderness, abscess, tissue necrosis or infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection and extravasation. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate countermeasures and if possible, retrieve and save the remainder of the unused vehicle for examination. Although adverse reactions to intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of 0.9% benzyl alcohol are not known to occur in man, experimental studies of small volume parenteral preparations containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol in several species of animals have indicated that an estimated intravenous dose up to 30 mL may be safely given to an adult without toxic effects. Administration of an estimated 9 mL to a 6 kg infant is potentially capable of producing blood pressure changes.
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